Association between Islamic religiosity, social support, marriage satisfaction, and postpartum depression in teenage mothers in West Java, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

Background: Postpartum depression is a prevalent mental health issue among mothers after
giving birth. Adolescent mothers are believed to have a higher rate of postpartum depression
than adult mothers. However, research on postpartum depression among teenage mothers in
Indonesia remains limited. This research gap emphasizes the need for more comprehensive
studies to address the mental health and well-being of postpartum mothers in Indonesia,
especially among adolescents.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between Islamic religiosity, social
support, marital satisfaction, and postpartum depression in teenage mothers in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 203 adolescent postpartum
mothers selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using validated
questionnaires from July to August 2020 in Cianjur and Sukabumi districts, West Java
Province, Indonesia. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression were
employed for data analysis.
Results: The study revealed that 35.96% of teenage mothers experienced symptoms of
postpartum depression. Among the variables studied, marriage satisfaction (p = 0.002),
education level (p = 0.012), family income (p = 0.003), number of children (p = 0.044), and
baby weight at birth (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with postpartum depression.
However, social support (p = 0.688) and religiosity (p = 0.788) showed no significant
association with postpartum depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis further confirmed
that marriage satisfaction (p = 0.001; OR = 0.365; 95% CI 0.197 - 0.676), family income (p =
0.001; OR = 0.326; 95% CI = 0.165 - 0.644), and the number of children (p = 0.026; OR =
3.68; 95% CI = 1.173 – 11.547) were the most significant factors associated with postpartum
depression.
Conclusion: The study highlighted a high prevalence of postpartum depression among
adolescent mothers. Marital satisfaction, family income, and the number of children were
identified as key factors associated with postpartum depression in this population. These
findings emphasize the importance of considering these factors in nursing and midwifery
practice to provide targeted support and interventions, ultimately improving the mental health
outcomes for teenage mothers during the postpartum period.